Newbery vs Caldecott

The American Library Association gives the Newbery and Caldecott Awards each year. The Newbery is awarded for the “most distinguished American children’s book.” It was the first award given for children’s books. The purpose was "to encourage original creative work in the field of books for children.” The award was named after English writer John Newbery.
The Caldecott is awarded to “the artist who had created the most distinguished picture book.” This award was created later because the ALA realized that artists creating picture books needed to be rewarded as well. The award goes to the artist whether or not he or she is the author of the text. The award was named in honor of English illustrator Randolph J. Caldecott.
Each award is a great honor to achieve and not necessarily better than the other. Books can sometimes be nominated for both awards, but judges will only vote for it under one of the awards.

The John Newbery Award. Retrieved on July 18, 2009 from http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/alsc/awardsgrants/bookmedia/newberymedal/aboutnewbery/aboutnewbery.cfm